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The octopuses are an order of cephalopod mollusks commonly known as octopus. Lack of shell and have eight arms. Are marine animals and carnivores.

Phylogeny

It is considered that the proper first appeared about 30 million years, differing from the squid in Antarctic waters, then, when he stressed the cooling of the Antarctic area was a dispersion of the first species in all oceans of the Earth .

Anatomy

The eight arms of the octopus have suckers sticky and converge on the animal’s body, in their point of convergence have the mouth fitted with a horny beak. In the head houses the eyes, well developed, the brains and three hearts, two of them pump blood to both gills and the third to the body. In the mantle are located the other viscera, as the ink tank they use to escape predators, also have soda, which can change direction, unlike the squid, with expelling a lot of water, thus promoting a high speed.

Each of its arms is connected with a small brain depends on the principal and uses them to control their arms.

The smaller octopus, as the blue-ringed octopus who lives in Australia, reaching about 15 cm length. The common octopus Octopus vulgaris can reach 3 m in length and 12 kg in weight. The largest species reach 6 meters and 70 kg, as Haliphron atlanticus and Enteroctopus dofleini.

Reproduction

The third right arm is actually a male copulatory organ called hectocotylus, which is inserted into the cloaca of the female to enter the spermatophores. After fertilization, the male leaves the female and she hangs her eggs (up 40,000) in clusters on the roof of his cave.

The female guards her eggs until they hatch, about a month, during which time the female wards off predators and oxygenates the cave, do not feed during this period and after hatching starving

Intelligence

Octopuses are considered more intelligent invertebrates, tending such a highly developed nervous system (2 / 3 is located in the brain and the rest is in the arms). Their ability to solve problems, overcome obstacles and memorize patterns has been tested several times by scientists around the world. They can learn by observing, which is more than clear after seeing mimic octopus in action, who takes on different forms of poisonous animals not to be disturbed. A great feature is that all knowledge (of survival) were acquired for themselves, as their parents die after the eggs hatch, in contrast to vertebrates where knowledge is transmitted from generation to generation.

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